{"id":52,"date":"2026-06-04T09:24:02","date_gmt":"2026-06-04T09:24:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wettingagent.net\/?p=52"},"modified":"2026-06-04T09:24:02","modified_gmt":"2026-06-04T09:24:02","slug":"smacedlo-male-mnozstvi-ktere-zabranuje-stekani-nateru-na-problematickych-povrsich","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wettingagent.net\/cs\/smacedlo-male-mnozstvi-ktere-zabranuje-stekani-nateru-na-problematickych-povrsich\/","title":{"rendered":"Sm\u00e1\u010dedlo: Mal\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed, kter\u00e9 zabr\u00e1n\u00ed st\u00e9k\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1t\u011br\u016f z obt\u00ed\u017en\u00fdch povrch\u016f"},"content":{"rendered":"<div>\n<div>\n<p dir=\"auto\">Po v\u00edce ne\u017e dvaceti p\u011bti letech v\u00fdvoje n\u00e1t\u011brov\u00fdch hmot pro kovov\u00e9, plastov\u00e9 a d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00e9 podklady jsem zjistil, \u017ee \u0161patn\u00e9 sm\u00e1\u010den\u00ed je jednou z nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00edch p\u0159\u00ed\u010din, pro\u010d i perfektn\u011b vyvinut\u00e1 receptura sel\u017ee v praxi. M\u016f\u017eete m\u00edt vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed disperzi pigmentu, dobr\u00fd lesk a solidn\u00ed mechanick\u00e9 vlastnosti, ale barva se p\u0159esto shlukuje, st\u00e9k\u00e1 nebo zanech\u00e1v\u00e1 such\u00e1 m\u00edsta na podkladu. V takov\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech se sm\u00e1\u010dedla st\u00e1vaj\u00ed nezbytn\u00fdmi. Nejen\u017ee zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00ed rozprost\u0159en\u00ed kapaliny, ale z\u00e1sadn\u011b m\u011bn\u00ed zp\u016fsob, jak\u00fdm n\u00e1t\u011br interaguje s povrchem je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed zaschnut\u00edm.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"auto\">Sm\u00e1\u010dedla p\u016fsob\u00ed tak, \u017ee sni\u017euj\u00ed povrchov\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed kapaliny, aby mohla p\u0159ekonat povrchovou energii podkladu. Mnoho pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch povrch\u016f \u2013 mastn\u00e1 ocel, plasty s n\u00edzkou povrchovou energi\u00ed nebo dokonce m\u00edrn\u011b zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00fd hlin\u00edk \u2013 m\u00e1 povrchovou energii v\u00fdrazn\u011b ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 40 mN\/m. Typick\u00fd n\u00e1t\u011br na vodn\u00ed b\u00e1zi bez p\u0159\u00edsad m\u00e1 povrchov\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed kolem 45\u201355 mN\/m. V\u00fdsledkem je vysok\u00fd kontaktn\u00ed \u00fahel a \u0161patn\u00e9 rozprost\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed. Dobr\u00e9 sm\u00e1\u010dedlo sni\u017euje povrchov\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed kapaliny na 25\u201332 mN\/m, co\u017e umo\u017e\u0148uje rovnom\u011brn\u00e9 rozprost\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed n\u00e1t\u011bru a vytvo\u0159en\u00ed souvisl\u00e9ho filmu.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"auto\">Existuje n\u011bkolik chemick\u00fdch skupin. Sm\u00e1\u010dedla na b\u00e1zi silikonu (obvykle polyetherem modifikovan\u00e9 polydimethylsiloxany) jsou velmi \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e1 ji\u017e p\u0159i n\u00edzk\u00fdch d\u00e1vk\u00e1ch a nav\u00edc p\u0159isp\u00edvaj\u00ed k vyrovn\u00e1n\u00ed povrchu. Fluorovan\u00e9 typy zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00ed nejv\u00fdrazn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed povrchov\u00e9ho nap\u011bt\u00ed a dob\u0159e funguj\u00ed na obt\u00ed\u017en\u011b sm\u00e1\u010diteln\u00fdch plastech, jsou v\u0161ak dra\u017e\u0161\u00ed a mohou ovlivnit stabilitu p\u011bny. Neionogenn\u00ed povrchov\u011b aktivn\u00ed l\u00e1tky a sm\u00e1\u010dedla na b\u00e1zi akrylu nab\u00edzej\u00ed vyv\u00e1\u017een\u011bj\u0161\u00ed profil s m\u00e9n\u011b vedlej\u0161\u00edmi \u00fa\u010dinky na p\u0159etvarovatelnost nebo mezivrstvovou adhezi. Volba obvykle z\u00e1vis\u00ed na podkladu, syst\u00e9mu prysky\u0159ice a na tom, zda bude n\u00e1t\u011br pozd\u011bji p\u0159etvo\u0159en.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"auto\">St\u00e1le si vzpom\u00edn\u00e1m na projekt z p\u0159ed n\u011bkolika lety, kter\u00fd tento praktick\u00fd rozd\u00edl jasn\u011b uk\u00e1zal. Vyv\u00edjeli jsme vodou \u0159editeln\u00fd epoxidov\u00fd z\u00e1kladn\u00ed n\u00e1t\u011br pro hlin\u00edkov\u00e9 profily pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 v architektonick\u00fdch r\u00e1mech. Hlin\u00edk byl o\u010di\u0161t\u011bn, ale st\u00e1le na n\u011bm z\u016fst\u00e1vala tenk\u00e1 vrstva oxidu a m\u00edsty stopy lehk\u00fdch olej\u016f z manipulace. Bez jak\u00e9hokoli sm\u00e1\u010dedla vykazoval z\u00e1kladn\u00ed n\u00e1t\u011br p\u0159i nan\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed v\u00fdrazn\u00e9 st\u00e9k\u00e1n\u00ed \u2013 velk\u00e9 plochy, kde se film st\u00e1hl do ostr\u016fvk\u016f. Kontaktn\u00ed \u00fahel na skute\u010dn\u00e9m povrchu profilu m\u011b\u0159il 68\u00b0. Po vytvrzen\u00ed jsme p\u0159i zkou\u0161ce v soln\u00e9 mlze zaznamenali viditeln\u00e9 mezery a \u0161patnou odolnost proti korozi.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"auto\">Provedli jsme kontrolovan\u00e9 srovn\u00e1n\u00ed, p\u0159i kter\u00e9m jsme pou\u017eili stejnou z\u00e1kladn\u00ed recepturu a p\u0159idali t\u0159i r\u016fzn\u00e1 sm\u00e1\u010dedla v mno\u017estv\u00ed 0,4 % hmotnostn\u00edch aktivn\u00ed l\u00e1tky % z celkov\u00e9 hmotnosti p\u0159\u00edpravku:<\/p>\n<ul dir=\"auto\">\n<li>B\u011b\u017en\u00e1 neiontov\u00e1 povrchov\u011b aktivn\u00ed l\u00e1tka sn\u00ed\u017eila povrchov\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed na 38 mN\/m a zmen\u0161ila kontaktn\u00ed \u00fahel na 42\u00b0. K apatick\u00e9 skvrnitosti do\u0161lo k zlep\u0161en\u00ed, ale zcela nezmizela; na nast\u0159\u00edkan\u00fdch panelech jsme st\u00e1le zaznamenali v pr\u016fm\u011bru 7 such\u00fdch skvrn na 100 cm\u00b2.<\/li>\n<li>Silikon modifikovan\u00fd polyetherem sn\u00ed\u017eil povrchov\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed na 29 mN\/m a kontaktn\u00ed \u00fahel na 26\u00b0. Jejev st\u00e9k\u00e1n\u00ed zcela vymizel jak p\u0159i pokusech s nan\u00e1\u0161en\u00edm st\u00e9k\u00e1n\u00edm, tak p\u0159i zku\u0161ebn\u00edch post\u0159ic\u00edch. V\u00fdkonnost v soln\u00e9 mlze se znateln\u011b zlep\u0161ila, proto\u017ee film byl souvisl\u00fd.<\/li>\n<li>Nejni\u017e\u0161\u00ed povrchov\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed (24 mN\/m) a kontaktn\u00ed \u00fahel (18\u00b0) dos\u00e1hlo kr\u00e1tko\u0159et\u011bzcov\u00e9 fluorovan\u00e9 sm\u00e1\u010dedlo. Na hlin\u00edku vykazovalo vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed rozliv, av\u0161ak b\u011bhem m\u00edch\u00e1n\u00ed jsme zaznamenali m\u00edrn\u00e9 zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed p\u011bn\u011bn\u00ed a p\u0159i n\u00e1sledn\u00e9m nanesen\u00ed vrchn\u00edho n\u00e1t\u011bru do\u0161lo k m\u00edrn\u00e9mu sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed mezivrstvov\u00e9 p\u0159ilnavosti.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"auto\">Pro tento \u00fakol se jednozna\u010dn\u011b osv\u011bd\u010dila verze s p\u0159\u00eddavkem silikonu. Nakonec jsme se rozhodli pro 0,35 % aktivn\u00edho materi\u00e1lu, kter\u00fd se p\u0159id\u00e1v\u00e1 ve f\u00e1zi zten\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed, a z\u00e1kladn\u00ed n\u00e1t\u011br pro\u0161el 500hodinov\u00fdm testem v soln\u00e9 mlze bez jak\u00e9koli koroze pod vrstvou. S\u00e9riov\u00e1 v\u00fdroba prok\u00e1zala rovnom\u011brnou tlou\u0161\u0165ku vrstvy a v\u00fdrazn\u011b m\u00e9n\u011b zmetk\u016f z d\u016fvodu vzhledu.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"auto\">Tento pokus potvrdil n\u011bkolik poznatk\u016f, s nimi\u017e jsem se setkal v mnoha z\u00e1vodech. Za prv\u00e9, d\u00e1vkovac\u00ed k\u0159ivky jsou nezbytn\u00e9. Sm\u00e1\u010dedla \u010dasto vykazuj\u00ed optim\u00e1ln\u00ed bod \u2013 p\u0159i p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 mal\u00e9m mno\u017estv\u00ed se st\u00e1le vyskytuj\u00ed vady; p\u0159i p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 velk\u00e9m mno\u017estv\u00ed mohou vzniknout nov\u00e9 probl\u00e9my, jako je zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 p\u011bn\u011bn\u00ed, sn\u00ed\u017een\u00fd lesk nebo pot\u00ed\u017ee s p\u0159ilnavost\u00ed. Za druh\u00e9, z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed na okam\u017eiku p\u0159id\u00e1n\u00ed. P\u0159id\u00e1n\u00ed sm\u00e1\u010dedel p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 brzy v disperzi s vysok\u00fdm st\u0159ihov\u00fdm nam\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00edm m\u016f\u017ee n\u011bkdy sn\u00ed\u017eit jejich \u00fa\u010dinnost v pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed f\u00e1zi. Za t\u0159et\u00ed, v\u017edy prov\u00e1d\u011bjte testy na skute\u010dn\u00e9m podkladu, nikoli pouze na laboratorn\u00edch panelech. Povlak, kter\u00fd dokonale sm\u00e1\u010d\u00ed \u010distou ocel, m\u016f\u017ee selhat na v\u00fdrobn\u00edch d\u00edlech, na kter\u00fdch jsou zbytky v\u00e1lcovac\u00edch olej\u016f nebo otisky prst\u016f.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"auto\">Zku\u0161enosti ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee nejv\u00fdrazn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zlep\u0161en\u00ed se dostav\u00ed p\u0159i p\u0159echodu na nov\u00e9 podklady nebo p\u0159i p\u0159echodu z rozpou\u0161t\u011bdlov\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f na vodou \u0159editeln\u00e9. Vodou \u0159editeln\u00e9 n\u00e1t\u011brov\u00e9 hmoty maj\u00ed obecn\u011b vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed povrchov\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed, a proto vy\u017eaduj\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed podporu na n\u00edzkoenergetick\u00fdch plastech nebo na kovu s minim\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpravou. V r\u00e1mci jednoho projektu povrchov\u00e9 \u00fapravy d\u0159eva n\u00e1m p\u0159echod na speci\u00e1ln\u011b p\u0159izp\u016fsoben\u00e9 silikonov\u00e9 sm\u00e1\u010dedlo umo\u017enil sn\u00ed\u017eit mno\u017estv\u00ed spolurozpou\u0161t\u011bdla o 15 %, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e jsme st\u00e1le dos\u00e1hli dobr\u00e9ho rozlivu na olejovan\u00e9m dubu \u2014 co\u017e z\u00e1kazn\u00edk ocenil jak z hlediska n\u00e1klad\u016f, tak z hlediska emis\u00ed VOC.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"auto\">Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b, sm\u00e1\u010dedla nejsou z\u00e1zra\u010dn\u00fdm \u0159e\u0161en\u00edm. Nejsou schopna vy\u0159e\u0161it siln\u00e9 zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed ani zcela nekompatibiln\u00ed kombinace prysky\u0159ice a podkladu. Mohou tak\u00e9 ovlivnit dal\u0161\u00ed vlastnosti \u2013 n\u011bkter\u00e1 zvy\u0161uj\u00ed kluznost, jin\u00e1 mohou p\u0159i p\u0159ed\u00e1vkov\u00e1n\u00ed sn\u00ed\u017eit odolnost proti vod\u011b. V syst\u00e9mech umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00edc\u00edch opakovan\u00e9 lakov\u00e1n\u00ed obvykle up\u0159ednost\u0148uji m\u00edrn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed akrylov\u00e9 nebo neiontov\u00e9 typy p\u0159ed siln\u00fdmi silikony nebo fluorovan\u00fdmi produkty.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"auto\">V kone\u010dn\u00e9m d\u016fsledku z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed sm\u00e1\u010dedla jedn\u011bmi z nej\u00fa\u010dinn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch p\u0159\u00edsad ve slo\u017een\u00ed, pokud podklad nen\u00ed zcela ide\u00e1ln\u00ed. Z\u00e1vody a v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i, kte\u0159\u00ed je berou v\u00e1\u017en\u011b \u2013 prov\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed \u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9 srovn\u00e1vac\u00ed zkou\u0161ky na skute\u010dn\u00fdch d\u00edlech, m\u011b\u0159\u00ed povrchov\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed a kontaktn\u00ed \u00fahel, kde je to mo\u017en\u00e9, a kontroluj\u00ed dlouhodob\u00fd v\u00fdkon filmu \u2013 jsou ti, kte\u0159\u00ed p\u0159est\u00e1vaj\u00ed bojovat s vadami vzhledu a za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed dod\u00e1vat konzistentn\u00ed a spolehliv\u00e9 n\u00e1t\u011bry. Kdy\u017e je spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 sm\u00e1\u010dedlo na spr\u00e1vn\u00e9m m\u00edst\u011b a ve spr\u00e1vn\u00e9m mno\u017estv\u00ed, povlak prost\u011b d\u011bl\u00e1 to, co m\u00e1: rozprost\u00edr\u00e1 se, p\u0159ilne a chr\u00e1n\u00ed, ani\u017e by na sebe upozor\u0148oval.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Po v\u00edce ne\u017e dvaceti p\u011bti letech v\u00fdvoje n\u00e1t\u011brov\u00fdch hmot pro kovov\u00e9, plastov\u00e9 a d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00e9 podklady jsem zjistil, \u017ee \u0161patn\u00e9 sm\u00e1\u010den\u00ed je jedn\u00edm z [\u2026]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-52","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wettingagent.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/52","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wettingagent.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wettingagent.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wettingagent.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wettingagent.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=52"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/wettingagent.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/52\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":53,"href":"https:\/\/wettingagent.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/52\/revisions\/53"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wettingagent.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=52"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wettingagent.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=52"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wettingagent.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=52"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}